Elementary School (3-5)
Science methods are determined by questions.
Science investigations use a variety of methods, tools, and techniques.
Middle School (6-8)
Science investigations use a variety of methods and tools to make measurements and observations.
Science investigations are guided by a set of values to ensure accuracy of measurements, observations, and objectivity of findings.
Science depends on evaluating proposed explanations.
Scientific values function as criteria in distinguishing between science and non-science.
High School (9-12)
Science investigations use diverse methods and do not always use the same set of procedures to obtain data.
New technologies advance scientific knowledge.
Scientific inquiry is characterized by a common set of values that include: logical thinking, precision, open-mindedness, objectivity, skepticism, replicability of results, and honest and ethical reporting of findings.
The discourse practices of science are organized around disciplinary domains that share exemplars for making decisions regarding the values, instruments, methods, models, and evidence to adopt and use.
Scientific investigations use a variety of methods, tools, and techniques to revise and produce new knowledge.