This chapter addresses identification of evidence and arguing from evidence, which include aspects of Developing and Using Models; Analyzing and Interpreting Data; Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions; Engaging in Argument From Evidence; and Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information. Evidence includes all the things that we observe. If we can see it, hear it, feel it, taste it, smell it, detect it, or measure it—that’s evidence. This chapter offers some solutions to help students learn to recognize evidence. Examples are explored of common difficulties that students have in separating evidence from assumptions, claims, explanations, theories, hypotheses, and models. Learning to identify evidence and then supporting one’s claims or explanations is a skill that students will need to practice. A materials list, teacher background information, and outcomes are provided. This book selection includes the Table of Contents, Acknowledgments, About the Authors, About the Book, Introduction, and Index.