Fossils provide evidence about the types of organisms that lived long ago and also about the nature of their environments. The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about fossils. The probe is designed to find out if students distinguish fossils from other ancient things or whether they think only bones and shells form fossils. This probe is best used with grades 3–8, and can be combined with the card sort formative assessment classroom technique. A materials list, teacher background information, references, assessment, and outcomes are provided. This book selection includes the Table of Contents, Foreword, Preface, Acknowledgments, About the Authors, Introduction, and Index.