There is currently a strong effort to combine science and literacy, because a growing body of research stresses the importance of language in learning science. Discussion, argumentation, discourse of all kinds, group consensus, and social interactions—all forms of communication are necessary for students to make meaning out of the activities in which they have engaged. And these require language in the form of writing, reading, and particularly speaking. Therefore, there are many ways of connecting literacy and science. This chapter looks briefly at the research literature to find some ideas that will make the combination of literacy and science not only worthwhile but also essential for learning.