This chapter serves two purposes. First, it provides a context for the work presented in A Framework for K–12 Science Education and the guiding document that underlies the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Second, it discusses that science classrooms aiming to meet these new standards are an ideal place to support students in developing a set of foundational capacities. Supporting this development is a key element of supporting equity of opportunity to learn. A critical aspect of achieving effective science learning for diverse learners is that all students are supported not just to participate but to become engaged and motivated to learn science. Teacher background information, standards, and references are provided. This book selection also includes the Table of Contents, About the Editors, Contributors, Preface, and Index.