This chapter, by Susan German, addresses the importance of explicitly teaching crosscutting concepts, adding scientific argumentation to assessment, and redesigning assessments to move students toward attaining the performance expectations outlined in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Suggestions are also described for implementing scientific argumentation and writing performance assessments. Teacher background information, standards, assessments, references, and resources are provided. This book selection also includes the Table of Contents, Foreword, Preface, Acknowledgments, and Index.