This chapter presents a case study on Using Bioprospecting to Find Cures for Disease using the discovery engineering process. In this lesson, students explore paclitaxel, a chemical in the bark of Pacific yew trees that was discovered through bioprospecting. The discovery was a breakthrough in cancer research due to paclitaxel’s ability to halt cell division. After investigating bioprospecting, students learn that some evolutionary scientists trace inherited traits of organisms like paclitaxel through phylogenetic tree diagrams. Finally, they use their understanding of bioprospecting to create a proposal for a new or improved medical treatment with a plant-based chemical. This lesson may be taught during a unit on evolutionary relationships, genetics, or the interconnectedness of organisms in ecosystems. A list of materials, teacher background information, teacher notes, references, resources, assessments, and standards are provided. This book selection also includes the Table of Contents, About the Authors, Acknowledgments, Introduction, and Index.