This chapter looks back at our attempts at making science teaching more meaningful through the use of the research findings available. It also provides a very brief history of science education in the United States from the turn of the 20th century until now. This historical perspective is important in considering how to teach for conceptual understanding as a result of new considerations for teaching and learning with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Reflection questions are provided at the end of the chapter, as well as suggestions for available NSTA resources. Teacher background information, standards, and assessments are included. This book selection also includes the Table of Contents, Preface, About the Authors, Introduction, References, and Index..