This chapter explores how to close the loop by connecting inferences and goals through feedback. It presents the process of connecting inferences about student learning back to original goals in the Feedback Loop, a process called identifying the gap. It starts by connecting the process described with common ways of describing formative assessment and introducing a number of different categories of feedback. A vignette of an experienced middle school science teacher is shared. Chapter 9 is included in this book selection and provides additional resources to explore. Teacher background information, assessments, and references are provided. This book selection also includes the Table of Contents, Acknowledgments, About the Authors, Contributors, Introduction, Glossary of Key Terms, and Index.