For some countries, results from PISA have been disappointing but at the same time, PISA also shows that strong performance, and improvement, is possible. Many countries display strong overall performance while some countries show that success can become a consistent and predictable educational outcome. Addressing these challenges will become ever more important as comparison with the best education systems, not simply improvement by national standards, will increasingly become the yardstick by which to measure success. Countries such as the United States will not simply need to match the performance of other countries but will need to do better.