Contemporary national aspirations also include maintaining economic competitiveness. The economic theme is a relatively short-term goal, and for science education it implies preparation of a 21st-century workforce. For the science teacher, this aspiration translates to skills and abilities that can be developed within the theme—teaching science as inquiry. This chapter directly relates to instruction and the need to reform instructional strategies, particularly those associated with scientific inquiry, so they enhance students’ development of 21st-century workforce skills..