This chapter draws on some fundamental lessons learned about science teaching and learning at the K—12 level that are likely to be applicable to a higher-education context. Recommendations are made in three areas that seem especially important to improving undergraduate science programs: (1) identifying the goals for learning, (2) designing a curriculum or sequence of learning activities that will enable students to achieve the goals, and (3) fostering a climate that will support continued monitoring, evaluation, and improvement over the long term. The chapter will highlight relevant K—12 tools and strategies that are consistent with a goals-based and learner-based approach to science teaching and learning.