It is important to remember the variety of competing events and pressures that first-year students face while adjusting to a different life in college. Science faculty need to understand why some students struggle during their first year so that faculty can act empathetically, provide as many opportunities for success as possible, improve faculty and student communication, and modify the science content and teaching methods to make them more relevant and interesting. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce science faculty to the literature regarding the high-school-to-college transition and to suggest possible ways for them to help first-year students to succeed in their science courses while keeping high academic standards.