Acknowledgments xi

About the Authors xiii



SECTION 1—Introductory Materials

Introduction 3

Safety in the Science Classroom, Laboratory, or Field Studies 5



SECTION 2—Life Sciences Core Idea 1: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Introduction Lab

Lab 1. Osmosis and Diffusion: Why Do Red Blood Cells Appear Bigger After Being Exposed to Distilled Water?

Lab Handout 13

Checkout Questions 18

Application Labs

Lab 2. Cell Structure: How Should the Unknown Microscopic Organism Be Classified?

Lab Handout 21

Checkout Questions 25

Lab 3. Cell Cycle: Do Plant and Animal Cells Spend the Same Proportion of Time in Each Stage of the Cell Cycle?

Lab Handout 27

Checkout Questions 31

Lab 4. Normal and Abnormal Cell Division: Which of These Patients Could Have Cancer?

Lab Handout 33

Checkout Questions 38

Lab 5. Photosynthesis: Why Do Temperature and Light Intensity Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis in Plants?

Lab Handout 40

Checkout Questions 45

Lab 6. Cellular Respiration: How Does the Type of Food Source Affect the Rate of Cellular Respiration in Yeast?

Lab Handout 47

Checkout Questions 52

Lab 7. Transpiration: How Does Leaf Surface Area Affect the Movement of Water Through a Plant?

Lab Handout 54

Checkout Questions 59

Lab 8. Enzymes: How Do Changes in Temperature and pH Levels Affect Enzyme Activity?

Lab Handout 61

Checkout Questions 66



SECTION 3—Life Sciences Core Idea 2: Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

Introduction Labs

Lab 9. Population Growth: How Do Changes in the Amount and Nature of the Plant Life Available in an Ecosystem Influence Herbivore Population Growth Over Time?

Lab Handout 71

Checkout Questions 76

Lab 10. Predator-Prey Population Size Relationships: Which Factors Affect the Stability of a Predator-Prey Population Size Relationship?

Lab Handout 79

Checkout Questions 84

Lab 11. Ecosystems and Biodiversity: How Does Food Web Complexity Affect the Biodiversity of an Ecosystem?

Lab Handout 87

Checkout Questions 92

Lab 12. Explanations for Animal Behavior: Why Do Great White Sharks Travel Over

Long Distances?

Lab Handout 95

Checkout Questions 101

Application Labs

Lab 13. Environmental Influences on Animal Behavior: How Has Climate Change Affected Bird Migration?

Lab Handout 103

Checkout Questions 108

Lab 14. Interdependence of Organisms: Why Is the Sport Fish Population of Lake Grace Decreasing in Size?

Lab Handout 111

Checkout Questions 122

Lab 15. Competition for Resources: How Has the Spread of the Eurasian Collared-Dove Affected Different Populations of Native Bird Species?

Lab Handout 124

Checkout Questions 129



SECTION 4—Life Sciences Core Idea 3: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Introduction Labs

Lab 16. Mendelian Genetics: Why Are the Stem and Leaf Color Traits of the Wisconsin Fast Plant Inherited in a Predictable Pattern?

Lab Handout 135

Checkout Questions 140

Lab 17. Chromosomes and Karyotypes: How Do Two Physically Healthy Parents Produce a Child With Down Syndrome and a Second Child With Cri Du Chat Syndrome?

Lab Handout 142

Checkout Questions 147

Lab 18. DNA Structure: What Is the Structure of DNA?

Lab Handout 150

Checkout Questions 155

Lab 19. Meiosis: How Does the Process of Meiosis Reduce the Number of Chromosomes in Reproductive Cells?

Lab Handout 157

Checkout Questions 162

Application Labs

Lab 20. Inheritance of Blood Type: Are All of Mr. Johnson’s Children His Biological Offspring?

Lab Handout 164

Checkout Questions 169



Lab 21. Models of Inheritance: Which Model of Inheritance Best Explains How a Specific Trait Is Inherited in Fruit Flies?

Lab Handout 171

Checkout Questions 176



SECTION 5—Life Sciences Core Idea 4: Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity

Introduction Labs

Lab 22. Biodiversity and the Fossil Record: How Has Biodiversity on Earth Changed Over Time?

Lab Handout 181

Checkout Questions 185

Lab 23. Mechanisms of Evolution: Why Will the Characteristics of a Bug Population Change in Different Ways in Response to Different Types of Predation?

Lab Handout 187

Checkout Questions 192

Application Labs

Lab 24. Descent With Modification: Does Mammalian Brain Structure Support or Refute the Theory of Descent with Modification?

Lab Handout 194

Checkout Questions 199

Lab 25. Mechanisms of Speciation: Why Does Geographic Isolation Lead to the Formation of a New Species?

Lab Handout 202

Checkout Questions 210

Lab 26. Human Evolution: How Are Humans Related to Other Members of the Family Hominidae?

Lab Handout 212

Checkout Questions 219

Lab 27. Whale Evolution: How Are Whales Related to Other Mammals?

Lab Handout 221

Checkout Questions 227



SECTION 6—Appendixes

Investigation Proposal Options 230

Image Credits 235